tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-43745864306276730012024-03-13T04:40:02.011+01:00Simply the TestA jotter about software testing enriched with cartoons. Texts and cartoons by Torsten J. ZelgerT.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.comBlogger230125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-43680009164671629932023-11-29T21:01:00.004+01:002023-11-29T21:01:53.758+01:00Software made on Earth<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy4AwgjmtYX0jxfIDj32JBU_PKHRsyaFEsiJJ5w9TrOVYY2aJQeLJ5NkhSDIVoyR-4Kx4nmbkDaDtPonCGhCkcdxTD9bFe-PcUB1kasow_vWv6lSp6x7Kxw69T_0g_HsePu7Xts3e7428Ut8vFp4WpggupcjhjAgbBmNfWWe0UAmjiDma0qHAjxywqU6K_/s3157/MadeOnEarth2.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2232" data-original-width="3157" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy4AwgjmtYX0jxfIDj32JBU_PKHRsyaFEsiJJ5w9TrOVYY2aJQeLJ5NkhSDIVoyR-4Kx4nmbkDaDtPonCGhCkcdxTD9bFe-PcUB1kasow_vWv6lSp6x7Kxw69T_0g_HsePu7Xts3e7428Ut8vFp4WpggupcjhjAgbBmNfWWe0UAmjiDma0qHAjxywqU6K_/w400-h283/MadeOnEarth2.png" width="400" /></a> <br />This is a remake of my original cartoon which was published at SDTimes, N.Y. in their newsletter as of April 1, 2008 <br /></p>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-16285114254028638292023-11-05T16:34:00.005+01:002023-11-05T16:51:47.633+01:00Testing under the Hood<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsxOHvFNKQhNuzoq5wPQKwTbT6T_cWPUAyeXElNuQuoZt9jnViyog_AOZKtiNhxYR8BmMljGa3T34ZJc8x7lU9aCQ1OW2ayqG2tjMXigHBbPNjpP7_PUB6awXkLimYY_eBich08eY0eMKL_NbZDN8qCNc7cs9MYf1P4sIBw5W-ZeKqhcDEWIleTF-9-Q6h/s3157/UnderTheHood-bw.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2232" data-original-width="3157" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsxOHvFNKQhNuzoq5wPQKwTbT6T_cWPUAyeXElNuQuoZt9jnViyog_AOZKtiNhxYR8BmMljGa3T34ZJc8x7lU9aCQ1OW2ayqG2tjMXigHBbPNjpP7_PUB6awXkLimYY_eBich08eY0eMKL_NbZDN8qCNc7cs9MYf1P4sIBw5W-ZeKqhcDEWIleTF-9-Q6h/w400-h283/UnderTheHood-bw.png" width="400" /></a><span lang="EN-GB">Even
when a particular test passed at first glance, there might still be
things going wrong. You may just not have noticed it, because the User
Interface stays quiet; at least for the moment.
Things can go wrong in a black box long after you executed the test;
hours, days or even weeks later. The longer such problems remain
undetected the more effort it takes to fix the problem and repair the damage it
caused, especially if the system is already LIVE
in production. See also <i>Cheerful Debugging Messages and its Consequences</i> in this blog.</span></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">It is
not enough to look only at the front-end of an application. You should
also watch carefully what’s going on behind the curtains. Give all
testers a facility to query the underlying database.
A lot of things can go wrong there and remain undetected for too long.
It will start hurting only when such data is shared with or passed to
other programs using a corresponding interface to read or exchange data.
I have seen a lot of things stored inappropriate
only to hurt when such data was later used by another program.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">I developed an SQL query tool with some extra facilities like an analyser to compare all tables before and after a triggered action.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-GB">How can testers live without such tools? It opens a whole new universe of potential problems just waiting to get reported.</span></p>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-15120205674205965832023-09-27T11:41:00.005+02:002023-11-07T18:14:08.985+01:00Revise the Test Report<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRP2U8Zr72hU24ubA0x3PuAG9qLxywKyr5tODWOaY6B7Oadv1YY8elm7K1FhmdN8bkladcucUUyKnpzeMAweJoXejYU8Zscv6nl8VscjBDBwJ05y_LYpUVMmk_77vua84IpAcgHZ2KNxoCo3rTnoSAw5aYngXgYHD09sn3ecfwYWdm1Hds_w8rQEPnIgjN/s1578/GoblaGoesLive-x50.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRP2U8Zr72hU24ubA0x3PuAG9qLxywKyr5tODWOaY6B7Oadv1YY8elm7K1FhmdN8bkladcucUUyKnpzeMAweJoXejYU8Zscv6nl8VscjBDBwJ05y_LYpUVMmk_77vua84IpAcgHZ2KNxoCo3rTnoSAw5aYngXgYHD09sn3ecfwYWdm1Hds_w8rQEPnIgjN/w400-h283/GoblaGoesLive-x50.png" width="400" /></a>I thought, I'd published this cartoon in 2020 already, but couldn't find it, so I am doing it now, with a 3 years delay...=;O)</div> <p></p><br />T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-17853492572076900062023-08-15T23:13:00.030+02:002023-09-19T17:32:05.163+02:00Mutation Testing and why we don't need it, or do we?<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOH5KIuj1933muFPmJmibmIHjAWBGs39p3Qt8_voXsqJNgd47hesWttpqzHG2wr97dbLjaNDFJ4qYCns2WqyJS0wSfqRYjIqFlCk5EiH1G0Ex4XvdSmmphD2eLS-75Wbn8qUyp3CswwK7vEwhhQR4Kj1GPRV11tTPi0nQFWpsX90fD6KtNB_nOrRBvS8li/s1578/MutationTesting-x50.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOH5KIuj1933muFPmJmibmIHjAWBGs39p3Qt8_voXsqJNgd47hesWttpqzHG2wr97dbLjaNDFJ4qYCns2WqyJS0wSfqRYjIqFlCk5EiH1G0Ex4XvdSmmphD2eLS-75Wbn8qUyp3CswwK7vEwhhQR4Kj1GPRV11tTPi0nQFWpsX90fD6KtNB_nOrRBvS8li/w320-h226/MutationTesting-x50.png" width="320" /></a>When our kids were still small, every Easter, it was a tradition to hide chocolate eggs, sweets and small presents in the garden, around the house, at the carport and sometimes also within the house. <br />While the kids were so excited to find all the little things, we parents watched them equally excited.</p><p>When Easter was long over, often, one or the other egg was still found by accident in a corner or somewhere in a plant pot; too old to still be edible. In other words, our kids didn't track down all of them at Easter. Over the years, they got better and better. We had to be more creative finding new extraordinary places to hide the little things from them, so they didn't have an easy catch ("<i>long hanging fruits</i>" how testers would say).</p><p>While we never spent a thought about our kids' "mathematical" effectiveness of finding all these little presents, this is exactly what <i>mutation testing</i><b><i> </i></b>is all about.<br /></p><p>It is a method to measure the effectiveness of unit tests in detecting anomalies in the code. The idea is to inject bugs by purpose and then verify how many of these are found. That's pretty much the same like hiding chocolate eggs in the garden.<br /></p><p>A typical example of injected bugs (mutants) could be the change of a comparison operator from something like <i>(x<y</i>) to <i>(x>y) </i>or a boolean value that is changed from an initial value <i>true </i>to <i>false </i>or vice versa. In case of a calculation engine, the computed value could be fuzzed and made return an incorrect result. The point is, that these bugs are implemented by purpose and - in contrary to our annual tradition at Easter - the tool that modifies the code knows exactly how many mutants were added and where.</p><p>When executing a unit test, the <i>mutation test tool</i> compares the number of failed tests with and without the modified code. If the number of failed tests is the same for both scenarios, then this is an indication of inadequate tests.</p><p>I am not experienced in automated <i>mutation testing</i>, but I find this topic quite interesting, especially because IT-companies tend to measure just the <i>test coverage </i>but often, have no idea whether their unit-tests are really effective. <i>Test Coverage</i> doesn't tell you anything about the quality of the code. You can have 100% test coverage for one method and still fail miserably with uncaught exceptions by applying other valid inputs to the method.</p><p>Although <i>mutation testing</i> is usually done as part of automated tests using corresponding plug-ins, you can do <i>mutation testing</i> also manually. When I was drawing the cartoon, I was more focused on the manual aspect and less about the potential of using it to test existing automated tests.</p><p>Let's go a few steps back and look at our today's approach. We have a lot of manual tests (>1000), we also have a lot of unit tests (> 20'000), a very effective API test suite (> 3000 tests) and also a few UI tests (ca.100), following the typical test automation pyramid in terms of distribution of the tests, but we haven't integrated any sort of mutation testing yet.</p><p>I get emailed automatically whenever our testers find defects either through manual testing and/or by findings in the automated UI test-scripts and/or automated API tests. Based on the amount of emails received daily, I draw the conclusion that we are an effective test-team finding many defects. But, of course, it would be more interesting to learn whether we could even do any better. Are there even more bugs around to catch? Honestly, with the current amount of anomalies reported by my testers, my first reaction was rather defensive. Why I should inject any additional bugs by purpose? We have already enough to do while analyzing all the findings that slipped into the code unintentionally. This was also the original idea behind the cartoon, but..here is my mistake:<br /><br />We have no facts at hand but simply a certain amount of defects we raise every week. </p><p></p><p><i>Mutation Testing</i> could help us collect more facts. <i>Mutation Testing</i> can not only be applied through tools, it can also be done manually. For example, if you want to understand how long it takes to find out a certain (obvious) bug introduced by purpose, just add it and let's see. You don't even need to inject code, you can also change a <i>configuration </i>that leads to a different (unexpected) behavior.</p><p>For example, one of my tested software creates documents with inquiries to doctors. A configuration allows the documents to be fit with a data-matrix code on pages the doctors have to fill out and return. When the letters are returned with the data-matrix code on it, a software-component can automatically identify the original request and related patient, then map it to the answer received. This enables quick access to both, original request-letter and response. </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcC-PlHDYix71RcI7PBTgs-SDAfm9Y1cPEx6LnxPlvO9WVv2D0hmBbacepX8-sVTPGpEfEsJHxXt7oC9efpvx0lWhkyxxFWb27PytcF_Hp912vOc2bEnsDZv0c93Rqa_TGjaOROrv8LW0SDYwtbhXbS38s5NuVfTg3lnUQMIUr9p_bG6Quu8gjc1Vb28H-/s933/QRCODE2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="933" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcC-PlHDYix71RcI7PBTgs-SDAfm9Y1cPEx6LnxPlvO9WVv2D0hmBbacepX8-sVTPGpEfEsJHxXt7oC9efpvx0lWhkyxxFWb27PytcF_Hp912vOc2bEnsDZv0c93Rqa_TGjaOROrv8LW0SDYwtbhXbS38s5NuVfTg3lnUQMIUr9p_bG6Quu8gjc1Vb28H-/s320/QRCODE2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>The configuration could be turned off (by purpose), causing the created letters being sent out without a data-matrix code. How long do you think will it take until our testers notice the missing data-matrix code on the letters? <p></p><p></p><p>I am pretty sure, it won't take long, because such a test is well documented in the regression test suite. But, what if we challenge them more - like making the letters print a hard-coded data-matrix code that is the same for all letters? </p><p>It takes more efforts for a tester to find the problem. </p><p>If the test <i>is not</i> documented, it is likely for the testers to miss the bug. If it <i>is </i>documented, it may still depend on the priority set for the test case whether the test is executed at all. If testers are all too confident that this piece is likely not to fail, they won't test it either.<br /></p><p>If you inject such mutants, you need to be clear on your goal. Do you want to test the efficiency of the testers, the accuracy of the test cases or the effectiveness of automated tests?<br /></p>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com3Dürrenmattweg 23B, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland47.553264100000007 7.547558999999998847.552540003602459 7.5464861163940418 47.553988196397555 7.5486318836059558tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-89556559572689050352023-08-05T15:37:00.007+02:002023-08-06T12:05:23.663+02:00Downbeat Quality Freak Concerns<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRfAwunppbY76tQOycXCyeOFiJcIbJmJlVQftHp-qgIzv4onESEyS7bmyOWq8mvNr_7YSofKYMiOaUyqvZHHcg9G60N7kxg42xOvq4LWWmNBC-4muID_RMcOlXQobqLxVf75_lHpxuG0Ox64c7nJJjR9V9D-jsnA2vIE9fA9nsSRrueyEyuNNL-qk2UTZX/s1578/QualityFreakConcerns-x50.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRfAwunppbY76tQOycXCyeOFiJcIbJmJlVQftHp-qgIzv4onESEyS7bmyOWq8mvNr_7YSofKYMiOaUyqvZHHcg9G60N7kxg42xOvq4LWWmNBC-4muID_RMcOlXQobqLxVf75_lHpxuG0Ox64c7nJJjR9V9D-jsnA2vIE9fA9nsSRrueyEyuNNL-qk2UTZX/w400-h283/QualityFreakConcerns-x50.png" width="400" /></a></p><br /><br /><br />T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-47918881666809793102023-05-13T20:32:00.010+02:002023-12-12T22:18:47.038+01:00License Expired<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoYwr6zsNFBonYGCmiDFOH6W173rnTAXhsZef62OAZjN1H1hqmtKYUy25_F5PTgazUTXVQLdNpF9NVIqsNYQJwp9MhJpVICcj9zR2pCcPm_z65YQq4wBn7QCaf3oNBx4m_D7ThVJbyNvzmPw8AG9uLHIqZX3qOu7WQ7Mm6pEUxLtWN81UmgypSH9DjKg/s3157/LicenseExpried-x50.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2232" data-original-width="3157" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoYwr6zsNFBonYGCmiDFOH6W173rnTAXhsZef62OAZjN1H1hqmtKYUy25_F5PTgazUTXVQLdNpF9NVIqsNYQJwp9MhJpVICcj9zR2pCcPm_z65YQq4wBn7QCaf3oNBx4m_D7ThVJbyNvzmPw8AG9uLHIqZX3qOu7WQ7Mm6pEUxLtWN81UmgypSH9DjKg/w400-h283/LicenseExpried-x50.png" width="400" /></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">In an amusing short video from CNN<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>,
Alexei Navalny, a Russian opposition leader and anti-corruption activist,
explained the meme MOSCOW4. It is representative for the stupidity of Putin’s command
structure which - according to Navalny - consists of an array of complete morons.
He underlined the statement by naming an example with one of them who was
hacked his email passwords several times in sequence. The first password was “Moscow1”,
then “Moscow2”, etc. </span></p><p><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">After we ourselves managed several times to forget updating expiring license keys for our customers, I remembered this story. We are not any better and I thought, it was about time to honour our repetitive mishap with a corresponding cartoon. For the dinosaurs, I was experimenting with a different kind of filling grey; something Gary Larson had in his cartoons, too.</span>
</p><div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE-CH; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> <span lang="EN-GB">https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2022/04/19/navalny-moscow-4-origseriesfilms-3.cnn</span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-5568176624553508412023-03-12T13:46:00.004+01:002023-03-12T14:18:30.911+01:00Lindy's Law in Test Automation<p class="MsoNormal"><i>by T. J. Zelger, March 12, 2023</i> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0zITryZciZPuNtwqhVrIOpzq1wev4t6og_aiYif_ewwxgaoKZlD892PM0XdHrp984t4rqw0nPJbfrEykDeeP8r6bwthCCneGZadFWFosUWbbWZhqu2GDcq2evvzhCDQPlFFukyjyDYd8WA-MtpXfKEx2sYfxvHu9gmY086sjgmxMiCD1WY6_hUOUZTw/s1578/SuicideRobot-x50.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0zITryZciZPuNtwqhVrIOpzq1wev4t6og_aiYif_ewwxgaoKZlD892PM0XdHrp984t4rqw0nPJbfrEykDeeP8r6bwthCCneGZadFWFosUWbbWZhqu2GDcq2evvzhCDQPlFFukyjyDYd8WA-MtpXfKEx2sYfxvHu9gmY086sjgmxMiCD1WY6_hUOUZTw/s320/SuicideRobot-x50.png" width="320" /></a><br /></p><div class="reader-article-content reader-article-content--content-blocks" dir="ltr">
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
When I developed my first "robot" 20 years ago with the goal to
automatically test the software so that my team didn't have to do the
same manual tests every day, there were at most a handful of products
enabling it. There were tools from well-known companies like IBM and
Mercury (now HP), and these were extremely expensive. You didn't have
much choice. Once you made a decision for a tool, it was almost
impossible to revert that decision and go for another. It inevitably
resulted in enormous extra costs.
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
A little later, a few interesting and cheaper alternatives emerged,
such as RANOREX, an Austrian company that soon taught the big ones to
fear because of their quality and an attractive value for money.
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
We also experimented with other products that we used for specific
tasks and later replaced with other newer/better ones. Among these, I
had a Canadian product on my focus which provided us with valuable
services when testing a vehicle valuation calculation engine. As far as I
know, the product no longer exists today and my memories are patchy,
but I believe it was a forerunner of one of the open source systems that
are widely used today or it may have been something similar.
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
20 years later, you will find a flood of even cheaper or free
offers. A closer look reveals that most products are based on a few
identical core modules. Selenium is currently one of the most popular
"engines" on which most tools are based on. I also use Selenium, and
because it's actually just an "engine", you have to develop additional
methods and modules on top of it to make it a stable and easy to
maintain test automation suite.
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
Nowadays, when building your own framework, most stick to the
page-object model. However, we used to have a different approach. Our
test data and instructions (action words) were kept in Excel. The idea
was to enable testers with no programming skills to write automed tests.
At the beginning we even thought, we could convince our
business-analyts to maintain their own tests.
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
The idea to keep data and keywords out of the code was not new. It
already existed at the time I was still working with IBM Rational Robot.
For example, the SAFS Framework by Carl Nagle [1] was the first
framework I learnt about following a similar approach or take TestFrame
which is an implementation of Hans Buwalda's so called "Action Words"
[2].
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
Our Excel based framework was quite a success within our
headquarters in Switzerland and Germany and our plan to have testers
write their own scripts without programming skills went well, but the
maintenance of our framework wasn't quite that easy and it needed an
expert to maintain all the UI locators and required extensions. This was
sometimes a little too tricky for the non-techies. And, we never
managed the business analysts to go for it.
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
Later (in a different company), I used the same approach but
realized that it didn't have the same effect if you have testers WITH
programming skills. Excel isn't seen cool enough to write automated
tests and if you sell such approach to techies, they will raise their
eye brows.
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
So, we removed the Excel part and integrated everything into NUNIT. That was easier to debug also.
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
And now? A newcomer called Cypress enters the market [3]. As I don't
want to get stuck in sweet idleness, we are now starting a new
adventure to see what it has to offer. We still keep our Selenium
scripts, but they are going into a maintenance mode right now.
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
<b>But, do we really have to follow each new fashion trend? Who
guarantees that new stuff and ideas are really better than what we
already have in place?</b>
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
Fortunately, in my position as QA Manager, I can mostly set the
goals myself in this area. If things are going well, you have the
dilemma between "don't touch a running system" and ensuring we are not
missing something.
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
Today, we use Selenium/C# with NUNIT for automated UI tests
triggered daily by Jenkins. And, we have an automated test suite that
fires requests on an interface level (below the UI) following the Test
Automation Pyramid approach [4].
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
The problem: Everything works smooth since years! Why should I spend time to investigate alternatives?
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
I am thinking here of the<b> Lindy's Law</b> [5]. If
something has proven itself for a long time, there is a high probability
that it will continue to prove itself in the future. In my case, this
applies in particular to these automated API tests, which are based on a
framework we developed ourselves with the aim to keep the test scripts
at the highest possible level of abstraction. The technical details such
as authentication communication with the backend remain hidden. Also,
instead of just having JSON based input/output, we are dealing with
deserialized business objects.
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
We have at least 3000 automated tests that have identified bugs that
were not caught in the deveoper's unit-tests. Simply said, these
interface tests are a success story and I don't spend a second thinking
about replacing it with a standard product. Why should we scan the
market for "better" stuff that maybe isn't?
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
<b>Because </b>the examination of alternatives does not
necessarily lead to the replacement of a tried and tested system. It can
become a supplier of interesting and new ideas and extensions for the
existing solution. Being open minded also helps recognizing the limits
of one's own system and thus to check whether the current version can
last not only in the near, but also far future and/or can be
supplemented with one or the other useful feature.
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
The only constraint I am dealing with in this regard is my available time. But that's another story.
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
<i><span class="tvm__text--legacy-publishing-emphasis">References:</span></i>
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
<i>[1] SAFS, Carl Nagle</i>
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
<i>[2] "Action Words" by Hans Buwalda, Software Test Automation (Fewster/Graham), Addison-Wesley </i>
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
<i>[3] </i><i><a href="https://www.testautomatisierung.org/testautomatisierung-cypress-vs-selenium/">https://www.testautomatisierung.org/testautomatisierung-cypress-vs-selenium/</a></i>
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
<i>[4] Test Automation Pyramid, Fowler, </i>https://martinfowler.com/articles/practical-test-pyramid.html
</p>
<p class="reader-text-block__paragraph">
<i>[5] Lindy's Law by Albert Goldman, 1964,
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378437117305964
and "Das Magazin", Nr. 10, 10-11. März 2023 </i>
</p>
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<br /><br />T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-65557492909599191612023-03-04T11:51:00.000+01:002023-03-04T11:51:09.012+01:00Nightmare Acceptance Test<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5wGD-quw3hdZWWL82YEHAOdCNy3btfXLs-r2cVTw55-VaMt4jDrJuFpv1qqkAKXRORbTQE5kwPcv21plH3d7xtQkf_uxhGgkPdV9cKWyBsQjikcn9rmdISimv3GQ34RNC47va-J14My2pcywbSh7H6o2_3oVZDvn_HvonoFeRbZvTh3UP9EiQfoOtDA/s1578/psychiatrist-x50.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5wGD-quw3hdZWWL82YEHAOdCNy3btfXLs-r2cVTw55-VaMt4jDrJuFpv1qqkAKXRORbTQE5kwPcv21plH3d7xtQkf_uxhGgkPdV9cKWyBsQjikcn9rmdISimv3GQ34RNC47va-J14My2pcywbSh7H6o2_3oVZDvn_HvonoFeRbZvTh3UP9EiQfoOtDA/w400-h283/psychiatrist-x50.png" width="400" /></a><br /></p>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-53750022879134382042023-02-04T15:55:00.004+01:002023-02-04T20:08:25.445+01:00AI Adventures in Babysitting<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisUwkL3pxTbu8pezsUf6tAgblcilWQ892Osy2CddwcJp7C6TptN1kw0AU1z4h1iXpQma1zvhCZhOhqPyo7krSWP0Jpcdg_YliTL2vETCUDCjOwxbSycCIYuvtiY1dP2KokVaKb7_hAwYqNLkIgpfm8s8XpqxA2TylSOwF6vZ41Y6yK1LBEsj1Te9NWWA/s1578/ChatBots-x50.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisUwkL3pxTbu8pezsUf6tAgblcilWQ892Osy2CddwcJp7C6TptN1kw0AU1z4h1iXpQma1zvhCZhOhqPyo7krSWP0Jpcdg_YliTL2vETCUDCjOwxbSycCIYuvtiY1dP2KokVaKb7_hAwYqNLkIgpfm8s8XpqxA2TylSOwF6vZ41Y6yK1LBEsj1Te9NWWA/w400-h283/ChatBots-x50.png" width="400" /></a>I recently stumbled over an article about Microsoft's chatbot Tay which - after only 24 hours "training" turned into a more than questionable little "monster". The article was the inspiration for this one cartoon. <br /></p><br /><br /><br />T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-38435093079754229502023-01-14T18:40:00.005+01:002023-01-15T00:28:30.162+01:00Time to illuminate<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgje1P8imnZOf1x7CO-2E_tC3T8URSU09uwqnPT7jx4mrTzX0TOYJPjSh3tNlhZsip6-LgRd47K2aQvOocIuJ-uQRLU1vpVkgiIPUXygS8ionYFDiOpz4O4a13VMJEew7NpQzKJEDKrTf-6g0jFLPy9UzPuLNjDjtPDCql98UcemNVUbu4ncd5HBib4ew/s3157/IceBlocks.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2232" data-original-width="3157" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgje1P8imnZOf1x7CO-2E_tC3T8URSU09uwqnPT7jx4mrTzX0TOYJPjSh3tNlhZsip6-LgRd47K2aQvOocIuJ-uQRLU1vpVkgiIPUXygS8ionYFDiOpz4O4a13VMJEew7NpQzKJEDKrTf-6g0jFLPy9UzPuLNjDjtPDCql98UcemNVUbu4ncd5HBib4ew/s320/IceBlocks.png" width="320" /></a></p>
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<![endif]--><p></p><p>A crisis is a productive state. You simply need to get rid of its aftertaste of catastrophe.<br /><i>Max Frisch.</i><br /></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p><br /></p>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-41224234832251253062023-01-02T19:53:00.001+01:002023-01-02T19:53:10.248+01:00Revealing moment for robotic lawn mowers<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtkB2nRc5h7KjyL9jDLcu_L-4LBVH1QjumymjR6R3W7bpMw41Tqz9ri0eioIcg4GYO8TaaJe3vxPfdMwtpZdJ5xlRB2U_u2iWpGErQ1UXV3fZYvgslzsmdAjMlAgIl97JEo-MlUncCiQB_7umgbxoLJwc2J9Haw_FQxOenad91WAaMTYuJqJWJ4GsCpQ/s1578/MowingGrass-x50.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtkB2nRc5h7KjyL9jDLcu_L-4LBVH1QjumymjR6R3W7bpMw41Tqz9ri0eioIcg4GYO8TaaJe3vxPfdMwtpZdJ5xlRB2U_u2iWpGErQ1UXV3fZYvgslzsmdAjMlAgIl97JEo-MlUncCiQB_7umgbxoLJwc2J9Haw_FQxOenad91WAaMTYuJqJWJ4GsCpQ/s320/MowingGrass-x50.png" width="320" /></a><br /></p>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-6184839760374383612022-04-05T23:05:00.003+02:002022-04-05T23:08:10.817+02:00The final rollout<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMXgR02onBWzLxBcntxi7g__lpLTN0VA3c5xYjn7uhGTTL3yOQfyk7jyWR_XU5SElWvVzOLImUAEEGfLIrU5rY3CT4WDDxxSrbPOLk2eBUnCsgpNgNU4uFQNDFV60rqWTBrXqgSY3956oHNtsm2YjHlqlFTeaRtH0-4O-CEJnXwDb37hsVhAWHCRBBxw/s1578/NoOption-x50.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMXgR02onBWzLxBcntxi7g__lpLTN0VA3c5xYjn7uhGTTL3yOQfyk7jyWR_XU5SElWvVzOLImUAEEGfLIrU5rY3CT4WDDxxSrbPOLk2eBUnCsgpNgNU4uFQNDFV60rqWTBrXqgSY3956oHNtsm2YjHlqlFTeaRtH0-4O-CEJnXwDb37hsVhAWHCRBBxw/w400-h283/NoOption-x50.png" width="400" /></a></p><br />T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-54080275529311466982021-12-23T20:43:00.008+01:002023-09-17T21:58:55.446+02:00Cheerful debugging messages and its consequences
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh44vMPf0WejpoLUCIddpyWuxG60C__xluigdfcX78pNVp_v_j02cHmpHr5DngiFSATFWZoKJfl704_Bbe0TXsRbA3nIMWaKbdA0Avb2UxOw_5LuMMGZZkQ0qin2isWlTLmUTTPfPtDRgKNKd33ZEHkq_5VziFWeg2BbLMjwfPX_hZljg-c-at58VHX6A=s1578" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh44vMPf0WejpoLUCIddpyWuxG60C__xluigdfcX78pNVp_v_j02cHmpHr5DngiFSATFWZoKJfl704_Bbe0TXsRbA3nIMWaKbdA0Avb2UxOw_5LuMMGZZkQ0qin2isWlTLmUTTPfPtDRgKNKd33ZEHkq_5VziFWeg2BbLMjwfPX_hZljg-c-at58VHX6A=w339-h239" width="339" /></a></div><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Over a year ago, we tested the automated printing of a clerk’s signature on letters being sent to doctors, lawyers, etc. There were some issues where the signature was missing, that’s
why we marked the defective signature-template with a debugging text. The idea was to test whether the template is processed at all or whether the problem is within the signature itself.<br /> <br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">I don't know what came over me when I used "meow-meow" as the debugging text. Probably, Luna is to blame for it. Luna was our 16 year old cat which died shortly before. She's now eternalized in this (less testing related) cartoon.<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">We quickly found the cause for the missing signature, we fixed the bug and shipped it to the customer along with an updated template. Unfortunately, I forgot to remove the debugging text in the template. The customer found the problem during their internal BETA test. We fixed the template, shipped it, no big deal, over.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">But, about half a year later, the customer reported that he'd seen a letter in the productive document management system containing the complimentary close "meow-meow" right below the printed signature. <br /><br />I could feel my face becoming soaked with blood. How the heck could this happen again? Even though we don't execute all regression tests each time we ship a minor release or hotfix, the print-out is part of all smoke tests. Therefore, my thoughts were "this simply can't be true", 'cause we've never seen any such text being printed on any of the letters that ended on our printers.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">A little investigation and it became soon clear what happened. Even though we had originally sent the correct template, there was still a copy of the old "meow-meow" template around. When someone decided to include the template into the git-repository, he took the wrong one. As a result, with the next minor software-version shipped, the old signature-template was deployed again. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">While this explains how the bug was re-introduced, it does not explain, why testers did not find the issue while testing the print-out. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Further investigation revealed, even though ALL letters processed the "meow-meow" signature-template, NOT all letters were printing the text below the signature. We found out, it depended on several things such as the size of the signature and the configuration of the target letter being sent out. If there was a fixed size between signature and complimentary close, then the text "meow-meow" simply didn't make it in between and wasn't printed. If instead, the letter was configured to dynamically grow with the size of the signature, then also "meow-meow" made it to the printer.<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Without going into too much details, only one particular type of letter was affected and fortunately, it was a letter that customers sent only to internal addresses (like an internal email) and not to stakeholders outside the company. Lucky me! </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Well, not really...because... </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">..one of the customers told me that - despite this letter is sent only internally - it may still be used as an enclosure for other letters going out to lawyers and doctors. The company feared they'd lose credibility when such letters made it to their customers. It was therefore important to remove all identified documents in production before they pay a high price for this slip.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><b>What are the lessons learnt? <br /></b>First of all, it could have been worse. I mean, if you get a letter that ends with "meow-meow", it's likely to put a smile on your face. In my 20 years career as a tester and developer, I've seen comments and debugging texts that are much worse and sometimes below-the line. My friends told me several stories about similar happenings. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">A
colleague told me, they had added an exhilarant test-text for their ATM.
The text was triggered when the card was about to get disabled. When in
production - their boss wanted to withdraw money from the machine, the
card got blocked and showed the text "You are a bad guy. That's why we
take your card away". I only know, he wasn't amused about it. </span><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Looks like, we are not alone. <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">But, as we have just learnt, it depends on who is affected and who will read it. I can only suggest to never ever type anything like that in any of your tests because you never know where it's going to show up.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Instead of "meow-meow" a simple DOT or DASH would have done the same trick, and didn't raise the same kind of alarm in case such debugging messages make it to the bottom of a letter. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><i>This was the last cartoon and blog entry for 2021. There are more to come next year. Please excuse, this cartoon here wasn't a pure testing related cartoon, but the story still is. <br />I wish you all a merry XMAS and a happy new year. I hope you enjoy the blog and continue to regularly visit me here. <br /> </i><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> <br /></span></p>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-25351804583498269882021-10-22T23:10:00.009+02:002023-09-17T21:13:29.594+02:00Test Patterns out of control<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNyM9vs66s-UY6fvbPV-2FEpQ_VlXne2BUdVxO-Z1c2gzoFdiHf8ZfwJX5JG9kojC-q-Gy2BfyCXWC66hKIIzL7sVjEt-cpQRZzFW2YkrIILGs3YBKYVeXa4z1dA1Isfl9ommNZx9vb0CD/s2048/ambulance-b.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1448" data-original-width="2048" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNyM9vs66s-UY6fvbPV-2FEpQ_VlXne2BUdVxO-Z1c2gzoFdiHf8ZfwJX5JG9kojC-q-Gy2BfyCXWC66hKIIzL7sVjEt-cpQRZzFW2YkrIILGs3YBKYVeXa4z1dA1Isfl9ommNZx9vb0CD/w400-h283/ambulance-b.png" width="400" /></a>In my blog entry <i>Apostrophe, Ampersand, Exclamation mark & Co.</i> early this year, I highlighted how important the use of special characters has become for our team during testing. A closer look at the article demonstrates that these characters aren't really exceptionnel in real life. They are commonly used; actually more common than what most of us initially thought. It's therefore even more important, we don't treat these letters as a special cases used by testers only. <br /></p><p>I smirked when I recently noticed how many fake persons were added into our reference test data containing German umlauts or apostrophes, etc. Looks like a lot of testers are crazy to find maniac but still realistic data. It has become much harder to find vanilla data. Mission accomplished.<br /></p><p> </p><p><br /></p><p><br /><br /></p><h2 class="date-header"><span></span></h2>
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</div></div></div>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-21210547809882599792021-08-15T21:51:00.024+02:002021-12-27T20:06:24.387+01:00Accurate Test Reports<div class="WordSection1"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuhrXKuOwEab0U3plCJHTR3F93UOfW_uct2QKwhalzP8woxbDXwRDqPEFIMVdUWhNtEGeJLgFh0GJ3y4_FVEiX51pW9MiK6eM-e85swJk8wQc5d1EONxQf6wpPtX3BegjMr-2QtLaqgtJT/s1578/theTestReport-x-50.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuhrXKuOwEab0U3plCJHTR3F93UOfW_uct2QKwhalzP8woxbDXwRDqPEFIMVdUWhNtEGeJLgFh0GJ3y4_FVEiX51pW9MiK6eM-e85swJk8wQc5d1EONxQf6wpPtX3BegjMr-2QtLaqgtJT/s320/theTestReport-x-50.png" width="320" /></a>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">One of the main challenges I
faced during my 20++ yrs. career as a software tester and test manager is to resist
project and release delivery pressure.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">When deadlines are close - and the software-under-test is still not ready to ship - testing automatically becomes a "virtual" bottleneck.
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Resisting the temptation of
short-cutting testing and trying to keep thoughts out the way such as “it’s
not going to be that bad” can be extremely stressful.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Deploying a release in time but
of poor quality will almost certainly fall back on QA. Critical questions are usually addressed first to the testers.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB">On the other hand, shifting
a release-date may move customers into an uncomfortable situation when
they booked resources for their final acceptance tests and/or training. Plus, it will trigger </span>questions like “why have the testers not found these issues earlier”. <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> To be honest,<span lang="EN-GB"> I had given in sometimes on the temptation to perform short-cutting and in most (but not all) of these cases it surprisingly worked out, even though these were tense moments. Shortcutting testing can work well if one sticks to the high priority test cases first, and those test cases you assume beeing affected by the latest changes.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB">But, accurate prioritization of test cases is only possible if you know the software and your customers well. Prioritizing test cases works if you have a good sense where the SUT is likely to break/survive depending on the change applied. This includes knowing how customers use your program. Some bad experience in the past might help here. Don't forget to visit your customers from time to time.You can get valuable insights when you see the customers working with your system. <br /><br />Speed is an important element in testing. </span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB">High prio bugs are found earlier if high prio test cases are executed first. </span></span>The longer QA needs to prove the software isn't worth shipping, the higher the risk people look at QA as perfectionists - trying to find/report all possible bugs. If QA gets such labels, their reports are interpreted similarly. At the worst, testers are considered a thwarting element in the delivery process.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB">When in doubt (and available time does not allow digging deeper into analysis of doubtful areas) - add these concerns to the report. Be as accurate as possible...and, for God's sake...don't let management make the test manager providing the final GO on the release. Instead, invite all important stakeholders, put all the facts on the table. This includes what you know and what you don't know. Then let the "going-live" decision be owned by the team.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB">It has worked for me...sometimes =;O)<br /></span><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
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<p> <br /></p>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-15285759127440130172021-05-01T14:57:00.043+02:002023-11-11T20:21:24.805+01:00Apostrophe, Ampersand, Exclamation mark & Co.<div class="separator"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIgvgg20dFwFF6AhMCs31qhsCi86jEm87tSHkIwvoMzxNdxPx0hCR4CXuimxJEcoagF3JS2owIkFRRrQp_6L9qvaIGFtyibxkzIQPwlXvJwzS3U-XVSTq_L-JmsZx67FoFklUnLx-u0Vvp/s1578/LetterClub-x50.png" style="clear: left; display: inline; float: left; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIgvgg20dFwFF6AhMCs31qhsCi86jEm87tSHkIwvoMzxNdxPx0hCR4CXuimxJEcoagF3JS2owIkFRRrQp_6L9qvaIGFtyibxkzIQPwlXvJwzS3U-XVSTq_L-JmsZx67FoFklUnLx-u0Vvp/w400-h283/LetterClub-x50.png" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><p style="text-align: left;"></p>Since I am in the testing business, I am "preaching" the use of special characters and umlauts wherever and whatever we test. <p></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p>Umlauts (ä,ö,ü) and chars like é,â, etc. are very common
in Europe. In the US and elsewhere, you often see last names with a single quote such as O'Neill, O'Connor or, think about company names like Macy's and McDonald's. <p></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;">Sometimes, we forget to include these characters in our tests and often we promptly pay the price in the form of bugs reported in the field.<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">But, awareness is increasing in our team. I am really delighted when I see a colleague posting notes into the group-chat yelling: </p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;"><i>"Hey Buddy, there were no special chars in your demo.Will it work with an exclamation mark, too?"</i></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"> I love that, but I also recommend to first test the happy case using simple inputs. There is
no means to attack an application with special chars if it can't even deal with the basics. Once I've convinced myself that the happy case works, I go over to feeding the program with more interesting input.</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div> It's always exciting to watch how a system deals with a combination of chars like <br /><span style="color: #990000;">"{äöü},[áàâ]/|éèê|\ë!:;+(&)'%@"</span>. But, if such a test fails, developers and/or business analysts will likely give you the hairy
eyeball when they see a defect documented with such example input. They probably close the issue unfixed, assuming such inputs are unrealistic and won't be seen in production.<br /><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"> What has worked better for me: Use these characters in a more meaningful context so it becomes obvious to all stakeholders that
the problem you spotted is worth getting fixed.</p><p style="text-align: left;">For example, I've made it a habit to use <i><span style="color: #990000;"><b>M&M's Worldstore Inc.</b></span> </i>whenever
I use or create a company address. That's not because I love chocolate
so much but rather because it has a mix of special characters that
all caused headaches in my past and current career as a software tester: the ampersand, the apostrophe and the dot.<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">Same approach I apply for street-names and ZIP codes. It is a common misbelief that ZIP codes need to be numeric. Go visit the UK and check how their ZIP codes look alike. Street names can contain slashes, dashes and single quotes. Street numbers can be alphanumeric separated by a slash.</p><p style="text-align: left;">A <b>blank </b>in a name isn't exotic. Look at Leonardo Di Caprio or Carla Del Ponte. I've seen programs that cut away the second part, leaving the famous actor with the short name "Di" or "Del".<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;">Below find a few examples of names I use regularly in testing:</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>M&M's Worldstore </li><li>Mr. & Mrs. O'Leary </li><li>Léonardo Di Caprio </li><li>Renée-Louise Silberschneider-Kärcher </li><li>Praxisgemeinschaft D'Amico & Ägerter GmbH<br /></li></ul><p style="text-align: left;">Example street names:<br /></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>29, Queen's Gardens</li><li>4711 Crandon Blvd., Appartment F#1000</li><li>Rue du Général-Dufour 100-102<br /></li><li>55b, Rue de l'Université </li><li>Elftausendjungferngässlein 12b <br /></li></ul><p style="text-align: left;">and ZIP-Codes:<br /></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>4142 Münchenstein 1 (Switzerland) </li><li>33149 Key Biscayne, FL (USA)<br /></li><li>EH4 2DA Edinburgh (Scotland) <br /></li></ul><p style="text-align: left;"> Special characters are interesting wherever you can submit text. <br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;">If you post a message like <span style="color: #990000;">"meet you at Lexington Av/59 St"</span> and, if that text is stored/exported in an XML file without properly escaping the <b>slash </b>or embedding the input in a CDATA tag, you may find interesting bugs.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><b>Backslashes </b>are used in many programs to escape characters. <b>Quotes </b>and single quotes are used to terminate text elements. The latter is a common way for hackers to manipulate SQL statements so the command fired forces the back-end to reveal information not intended for the normal user. <b>Semicolons </b>can confuse web client logic or cause problems when information is exported to CSV files. <b>Question marks</b> and <b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDOnyk6GuUGCWRBpvTa_3ejuzeOJ44vIGbxOOlQphZc0lAi3n6YjXX18dvIL9MC8ASWlP7hQKXP0V0TCGsq6RHwdNy9xTTp9mcQzdEWxDGNaRzLHN3Fkk1A3BokAjKeCJJg3HseI0yGi-g/s1024/SpecialChars-c.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDOnyk6GuUGCWRBpvTa_3ejuzeOJ44vIGbxOOlQphZc0lAi3n6YjXX18dvIL9MC8ASWlP7hQKXP0V0TCGsq6RHwdNy9xTTp9mcQzdEWxDGNaRzLHN3Fkk1A3BokAjKeCJJg3HseI0yGi-g/s320/SpecialChars-c.png" width="320" /></a>ampersands </b>are both used in URL links, <b>curly braces</b> are common markers in REST payloads, etc. </p><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p>I've never really understood what's so funny using the pangram <span style="color: #990000;"><i>the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog</i> </span>in testing or the filler "Lore Ipsum". Both do not contain any interesting characters. When testing German language based programs, I prefer to use <span style="color: #990000;"><i><i lang="de" title="German-language text">Victor jagt zwölf Boxkämpfer quer über den großen Sylter Deich</i></i> </span>because it contains umlauts and this weird <i><i lang="de" title="German-language text">ß </i></i>character which - in Switzerland - is unknown, even in the German speaking part. <p></p><p style="text-align: left;">Most often, I use my own pangram which I have further adapted over time:<br /></p><p><span style="color: #990000;"><i>Chloë Valérie O'Loughlin-Bäcker runs the "Deacon Brodie" (</i></span><span style="color: #990000;"><i>Scottish Pub & Largest Whisky Collection) at Saint-Louis du Ha!Ha!, a town in Québec Canada. Her car is a Jaguar X and runs a max. of > 200 km/h. Isn't this amazingly fast?</i></span></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">It contains all letters of the alphabet, plus
umlauts and a selection of interesting characters that challenge text
processors. But, it has not helped me later find a bug in our system where an
exception was thrown when the annotation text contained a capital Ü. Other Umlauts
were no problem and even the lowercase ü didn’t cause any harm. The system really
failed only with the capital version of it. Crazy!</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;">One of my most funny treasures is the Canadian town <span style="color: #990000;">St. Louis du Ha! Ha!</span> This is the weirdest town-name I've ever heard of, because it has two exclamation marks. Okay, the likelihood of such a city ever being entered by our customers is close to zero. Canadian citizens living near the area of Quebec probably disagree. Testing and test input is a question of context.<span style="color: #990000;"> Westward Ho!</span> is a town in the UK which also houses an exclamation mark.</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifn7j4rU8NzapCnGWa4yjec82BcoHJuLOkknksNM_hU9rHpoD4b1MKz2UVnkT1C9cc7UpgUKD40jXqVNDCg83d9X13Hx41fPQ6cddsTEASRaaN5e5eIgDA5INW_KMFGUsVksy91p8Wq66PHZDOR-or_0VYA3yCRUVVMFEd_VNgtQyMmHPWOxhKgZJ1BTTC/s1312/SaintLouisDuHaHa-and-WestwardHo.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="446" data-original-width="1312" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifn7j4rU8NzapCnGWa4yjec82BcoHJuLOkknksNM_hU9rHpoD4b1MKz2UVnkT1C9cc7UpgUKD40jXqVNDCg83d9X13Hx41fPQ6cddsTEASRaaN5e5eIgDA5INW_KMFGUsVksy91p8Wq66PHZDOR-or_0VYA3yCRUVVMFEd_VNgtQyMmHPWOxhKgZJ1BTTC/w640-h218/SaintLouisDuHaHa-and-WestwardHo.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b>Null, True, All, Test and other funny bugs related to people's names</b><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">Besides the recommendation of using special characters, it is also worth to sneak a peek at reported stories related to people's names like <span style="color: #990000;">Jennifer Null <span style="color: black;">and </span></span><span style="color: #990000;">Rachel True. </span>Their names were processed and misinterpreted as NULL [BBC16] or - in the case of Rachel - a boolean value [9TO5] causing a problem using her iCloud account. I've not experienced either of the two cases myself in any of my tests but we found a similar issue where submitting the search term <span style="color: #990000;"><span style="color: black;">"Alli"</span> </span>returned documents titled "Alligator" and "Allister". All fine, but submitting <span style="color: #990000;">"All"</span> ended in an exception. </p><p style="text-align: left;"> <span style="color: #990000;">Stephen O</span>, a Korean native living in the US had been hassled by credit card companies, because his last name was too short. When he applied the workaround by adding an extra "O" to end up with "OO", it didn't take long until he had a meeting with the government because he provided false information [NYT91].<br /> <br /><span style="color: #990000;">Graham-Cumming</span> could not register his name on a web-site because the hyphen was considered an invalid character [GRA10].</p><p style="text-align: left;">There is also <span style="color: #990000;">Natalie Weiner</span> who could not register either because here name was considered offensive [PAN18].<br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">Yet another example is the story of <span style="color: #990000;">William and Katie Test </span>who were both unable to book airplane tickets simply because the system scanned the names for the term "test". A match triggered a different procedure and disallowed<i> </i>the process of booking tickets in production [COY17]. </p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">Wooha! That's exactly what one of my clients had implemented, too! I was surprised there were never any reported issues with it. So I investigated a little and found out, in Switzerland there are only around 50-60 people carrying the last name "Tester". Second, my investigation also revealed the system did NOT scan the <u>last </u>name but rather the <u>first </u>name for the term "test" to avoid operations executed in production; Doozy! How clever!</span><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"><i>References:</i></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><i>[BBC16] </i><i><i><a href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20160325-the-names-that-break-computer-systems" target="_blank">These unlucky people have names that break computers</a>, BBC, 2016</i></i></li><li><i><i><i>[NYT91] <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/28/us/why-o-why-doesn-t-that-name-compute.html">Why, O Why, Doesn't that Name Compute</a>, New York Times, 1991<br /></i></i></i></li><li><i><i><i>[GRA10] </i></i></i><i><a href="https://blog.jgc.org/2010/06/your-last-name-contains-invalid.html" target="_blank">Your last name contains invalid characters</a>, Blog John Graham-Cumming, 2010</i></li><li><i>[9TO5] </i><i><i><a href="https://9to5mac.com/2021/03/07/icloud-user-locked-out-for-six-months-over-coding-bug-related-to-her-last-name/" target="_blank">iCloud user locked out over coding bug related to her last name</a>, 9TO5MAC, 2021</i></i></li><li><i><i>[BAZ]</i></i><i><i><i> Column "Made in USA" in Basler Zeitung by Rod Ackermann (still finding out the exact publishing date)<br /></i></i></i></li><li><i><i><i>[COY17]</i></i></i><i> <a href="https://css-tricks.com/peoples-names-break-websites/" target="_blank">People’s Names That Break Websites</a>, 2017, Chris Coyier </i></li><li><i>[PAN18] <a href="https://www.boredpanda.com/people-with-dirty-last-names-problems/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=organic">People with offensive lastname</a>, Bored Panda, 2018<br /></i></li></ul><p style="text-align: left;"><i><i> </i></i></p><p style="text-align: left;"><i><i></i></i></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"><u><i>Further similar reading:</i></u></p><p style="text-align: left;"><i><a href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20160325-the-names-that-break-computer-systems" target="_blank"></a></i></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><i><i><a href="https://www.zeit.de/zustimmung?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2F1997%2F38%2Fumlaute.txt.19970912.xml" target="_blank">Mein Name ist Lütkehaus</a>, 1997, Zeit Online (need to register)</i></i></li><li><i><i> </i><a href="https://gojko.net/2017/05/24/names-make-computers-go-crazy.html" target="_blank">Names that make computers go grazy</a> 2017, Gojko Adzic</i></li><li><i> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdyUOpWaMsc">Parody on a German pangram</a>, by Tom Candussi <br /></i></li></ul><br />T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-23741753282199798132021-04-26T23:53:00.005+02:002021-04-27T07:13:02.429+02:00Esteem or Truth<p></p><p></p><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY1-iSCvkm6JG0b_mLRxF_daqk_OajAki9v3GrU1y0sZM9E1FkLk7OH8EP8CUkZE88qAdLXssij8KtsP0HXjTV52AuLMimHInjC_9wenaE8Fay7hew3R3c2I8kSCeJyRGqDexWsQA2slhu/s1578/EsteemOrTruth-x50.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY1-iSCvkm6JG0b_mLRxF_daqk_OajAki9v3GrU1y0sZM9E1FkLk7OH8EP8CUkZE88qAdLXssij8KtsP0HXjTV52AuLMimHInjC_9wenaE8Fay7hew3R3c2I8kSCeJyRGqDexWsQA2slhu/w400-h283/EsteemOrTruth-x50.png" width="400" /></a><br />At the drop of a hat, they decided to stay on the hazardous highway.<br /></p><p></p><p></p>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-51737512813672660252021-03-14T21:44:00.008+01:002021-03-19T11:29:14.730+01:00Architecture Review<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdnpKoCWF63ytjss85otoOocAS8KL-u4gYjX-Ao5qlmrtiZERSzMwV54EyfUH9nnCcROWG5j16XP-CAQm5-xqILvUxZlHupqZQBOjutES1l-bu3TSQUafVSvgQcQ0TrcRX9cG8KeS1_3ZO/s2048/ObfuscatorAx50.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqVt0t5-9X8D82U1av2JkZ0__vFp5GiECBjiWHIY_NSAT00TczChyphenhyphenwvj8xkCM0OgZeoegknTcw8pwkEPNI97kbaRjQ9HMYm3p1NenBv6gDhE1tol-4E4IhLUqgyJDxTaooUle7rMgXb49y/s2048/ObfuscatorAx50.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1336" data-original-width="2048" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqVt0t5-9X8D82U1av2JkZ0__vFp5GiECBjiWHIY_NSAT00TczChyphenhyphenwvj8xkCM0OgZeoegknTcw8pwkEPNI97kbaRjQ9HMYm3p1NenBv6gDhE1tol-4E4IhLUqgyJDxTaooUle7rMgXb49y/w400-h261/ObfuscatorAx50.png" width="400" /></a></div>"Our architects recently studied all your ill-favored coding styles, but the good news are...we don't need any obfuscator tools anymore!"</div></div>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-9312734018050933152021-01-27T21:48:00.007+01:002021-02-07T13:42:48.024+01:00Interpreting the Regression Test Activity Graph<p>We just completed a 1.5 week intensive manual regression test phase where we executed almost the complete set of all (several hundreds) test cases. We are in a lucky situation. Our documented test cases represent nearly 100% of all implemented features. If we achieve a 70-80% test coverage, then we get a real good picture of the overall quality of the product increment. That means, aside from the many automated tests, it's worth from time to time, doing some manual end-to-end regression testing.<br /></p><p>While tracking the regression testing progress using a cloud based test case management tool, we were looking at the activity graph and it made us smile. It's exactly what we expected.<br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwf-6M8cSvtKQOKPNChjGS3HjTFJz1zn4_gEOmHcAhwMwO3Rt8NHCM0uaJ3l9pJyhFTpTcf1bY7gp-B39J_VvduCPW25w0m_AdsumyKw_TXt5e_D-xCJW57Wu601sQjTpybN-W8jThW2O8/s1007/ManagersLikeGraphs2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwf-6M8cSvtKQOKPNChjGS3HjTFJz1zn4_gEOmHcAhwMwO3Rt8NHCM0uaJ3l9pJyhFTpTcf1bY7gp-B39J_VvduCPW25w0m_AdsumyKw_TXt5e_D-xCJW57Wu601sQjTpybN-W8jThW2O8/s1007/ManagersLikeGraphs2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq2b0u6eyzzkpJjMW9GT50j1c7a4aMquL7VIPJ6tQkQaCj9krImGzVnsedLjFNSU5nYV4tW5vXi4ohocjjW8Rg2xVv7DecNUupnXlWiWouvDkQ_hVoGGYl1Ei9Im4S0bSYCEykGH9geFRg/s922/ManagersLikeGraphs3.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="235" data-original-width="922" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq2b0u6eyzzkpJjMW9GT50j1c7a4aMquL7VIPJ6tQkQaCj9krImGzVnsedLjFNSU5nYV4tW5vXi4ohocjjW8Rg2xVv7DecNUupnXlWiWouvDkQ_hVoGGYl1Ei9Im4S0bSYCEykGH9geFRg/w627-h161/ManagersLikeGraphs3.png" width="627" /></a></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">At the beginning, testers focus executing those test cases that are well documented, having clear instructions and which rely on previously well prepared test data. I mean, objects that are in specific states where testers can execute just the transition from one state to the next and not worry about the laborious setup steps. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Then, testers switch to more complex test cases which take a little more time to understand and test. This is when the progress curve reaches the peak and progress starts to slow down.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Of course, we also find anomalies. Bugs can slow you down because analyzing and understanding where and when defects were introduced takes additional time. After a few days, the first bugfixes are delivered, too. Developers require your attention to test their fixes. This interrupts testers from working on their suite. The rate of passed tests is decreasing, but still decreasing in a constant and expected way.<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">In parallel, developers are working already on the next generation of the product, meaning, their user stories get shipped and require testing too. The tester's brain is now busy with a lot of context switching; clearly more than at the beginning of the sprint.<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Now that we are more than half way through, we switch to the monster test cases. I call them like that because they do not consist of simple steps, they contain several tests expressed in tables of inputs and expected outputs. That's why I think it's nonense to talk about the number of test cases. A test case can be atomic and executed in seconds, yet another test case can keep you busy for half an hour and more.<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Some of the test cases may be poorly documented and require maintenance or correction. Some test cases require the help of a domain expert. The additional information gained should be documented in the test suite, so we don't have the same questions next time. These are all activities running in parallel. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br />Last but not least, weekend is getting closer. The first enthusiasm is gone, you're starting to get bored.<br />You hear music from your neighbour. The caféteria gets louder. The sound of clinking glasses reaches your desk. It's time for a break, time to reboot your brain. TGIF! And now it's weekend time! <br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">And then, Monday is back! It's time for another final boost and time to say thank you. Great progress.<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">We made it Yogi! </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">....and I like that graph.<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> </div> <br /><p></p><p> </p><p><br /></p>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-23318470693957346122021-01-11T21:15:00.025+01:002022-03-01T18:05:34.481+01:00About Bias and Critical Thinking<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipDUqvORxAZ4gDUslWxqvwtcNGkJ8RidtjIl_Xsibo5Nsy-Mx6oowRYS18ACADgaRDPHfuQEopWv2qgfdH7Mwu3druKlIOUKmy2XlCw4ouo8XmgJvJNsbGGUlZ89AohpJScy3MrHcN6XWb/s1578/Unflinching-x50.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipDUqvORxAZ4gDUslWxqvwtcNGkJ8RidtjIl_Xsibo5Nsy-Mx6oowRYS18ACADgaRDPHfuQEopWv2qgfdH7Mwu3druKlIOUKmy2XlCw4ouo8XmgJvJNsbGGUlZ89AohpJScy3MrHcN6XWb/s320/Unflinching-x50.png" width="320" /></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">I recently stumbled over a small article about the
"Semmelweis-Reflex". It was published in a Swiss magazine and it was
quite interesting as I drew some analogy to software testing:</span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">In 1846, the Hungarian gynecologist Ignaz Semmelweis
realized in a delivery unit that the rate of mothers dying in one department
was 4 percent while in another within the same hospital, the rate was 10 per
cent.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">While analyzing the reason for it, he identified the
department with the higher death rate was mainly operated by doctors which were
also involved in performing post-mortem examination. Right after the autopsy
they went helping mothers without properly disinfecting their hands.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The other department with the lower death rate was
maintained mainly by midwifes who were not involved in any such autopsy. Based
on this observation, Semmelweis adviced all employees to disinfect their hands
with chlorinated lime. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The consequence: Death rate decreased remarkably.</span></p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Despite clear evidence, the employees' reaction
remained sceptical, some were even hostile. Traditional believes were stronger
than empiricism.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Even though this is more than 150 years ago, people
haven’t changed so much in these days. We are still biasing ourselves a lot.
The tendency to reject new arguments that do not match our current beliefs is
still common today. It is known as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Semmelweis-Reflex</b>.
We all have our own experience and convictions. This is all fine, but it is
important to understand, these are personal convictions and may not be
transferred to a general truth.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">How can we fight such bias? Be curious! If you
spontaneously react with antipathy on something new, force yourself to find
pieces in the presenter’s arguments that could still be interesting, despite your
current disbelieve as a whole.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Second, make it a common practice to question yourself
by telling yourself “I might be wrong”. This attitude helps overcome prejudice
by allowing new information getting considered and processed.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Back to testing:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">From this article, I am learning we should start to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">listen</i> and not hide behind dismissive
arguments simply because what is told to us doesn't match our current view of
the world.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">But this story has two sides. If I am getting biased,
then others may be biased, too. Not all information reaching my desk, can be
considered right by default. The presenter's view of the world may be equally
limited.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Plus, the presenter may have a goal. His/her intention
is to sell us something. The presenter's view may be wrong and based on
"sloppy" analysis if any fact collection was done at all.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Call me a doubting Thomas, but I don't believe
anything, until I've seen the facts.</span></p>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
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</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
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table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Normale Tabelle";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
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mso-style-parent:"";
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mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
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mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
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mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
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mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext;
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mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
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</span></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 1cm; mso-border-insideh: none; mso-border-insidev: none; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 382.25pt;" valign="top" width="510">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">If someone tells you "a user will never do
that", question it!</span></b></p>
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</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 382.25pt;" valign="top" width="510">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">It may be wrong.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 382.25pt;" valign="top" width="510">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">If someone tells you "users typically do it
this way", question it!</span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 382.25pt;" valign="top" width="510">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">It may be an assumption and not a fact.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 382.25pt;" valign="top" width="510">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">If someone tells you "this can't happen",
question it!</span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 382.25pt;" valign="top" width="510">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Maybe she has just not experienced it yet and will happen
soon.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 382.25pt;" valign="top" width="510">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">If someone tells you "we didn't change
anything", question it!</span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 382.25pt;" valign="top" width="510">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">One line of code change is often considered as hardly
anything changed at all, but in fact this adaptation can be the root of a new
severe bug or a <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>disaster.</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
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<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
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<w:TrackMoves/>
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<w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone>
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<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>DE-CH</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
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<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
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<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
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<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
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<p><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">I trust in facts only, or, as someone said: "in
God we trust, the rest we test". This is the result of many years testing software. Come-on, I don't even
trust my own piece of code. I must be kind of a maniac!</span></p><p><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sources: text translated
to English and summarized from original article<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>published as "Warum wir die Wahrheit nicht hören wollen», by
Krogerus & Tschäppeler, Magazin, Switzerland, March 20, 2021</span></i></p>
<p><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><p></p>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-66068661374904848252021-01-05T15:02:00.049+01:002021-11-12T12:44:44.856+01:00No test is the same, use your brain<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigiUZK2WLdOWuCXOkYWiHpJW0o3XMVmcdb3gc26C2AAzEelN9AcE6_n-MjQx9RcsiZ1a4MVTCyabo3YcNlypCq0fHlsyDasGlXd8s4grkeF6eI49En8c5ZWPIYuNdMf14Isc5tWbg1TEJ8/s1578/NoNeed2Understand-x50.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigiUZK2WLdOWuCXOkYWiHpJW0o3XMVmcdb3gc26C2AAzEelN9AcE6_n-MjQx9RcsiZ1a4MVTCyabo3YcNlypCq0fHlsyDasGlXd8s4grkeF6eI49En8c5ZWPIYuNdMf14Isc5tWbg1TEJ8/s320/NoNeed2Understand-x50.png" width="320" /></a>About a decade ago, a manager wondered why I asked questions about how the software-under-test was supposed to work. He responded: "You don't need to know all that stuff, all you need to do is test".</p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This happened so many years back, I can't remember whether he really meant it seriously or was he just making fun.<i> </i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I mention this episode here, because - even if you are looking at software from a black box or business oriented perspective, you should still be interested in how things work from a technical point of view. <br /><br />If you are digging deeper into the entrails of a software-component, you are likely to find interesting information resulting in the detection/development of great new test cases. <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><i>James Bach (Satisfice) once provided a great example in one of his speaches when asking the audience "how much test cases do we need" while showing a diagram that consisted of a few simple rectangles and diamonds. Various numbers were summoned towards the speaker's desk, most of them being wrong or inappropriate. When James Bach revealed the details behind this simplified diagram, the scales fell from their eyes. It became clear that there is much more behind this graph. When people guessed numbers like 2, 3 or 5 tests, it became now clear, this was just the start and the real number of required tests would be multiple times higher than their first guess. </i><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">But, I have also my own story to share with you and demonstrate why it is important to ask more questions about the software-under-test.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A quick intro</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br />Every passenger vehicle is registered using a 17-digit vehicle identification number (VIN) which is unique worldwide. The first 3 letters identify the manufacturer. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">For example:</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;">WVW</span></b>ZZZ6NZTY099964 representing a 1994 a VW Polo</span></span></li><li><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;">WF0</span></b>WXXGBBW6268343 representing a 2006 Ford Mondeo V6</span></span></li><li><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><b>WBA</b></span>PX71050C101516 representing a 2007 BMW 5series<br /></span></span></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In order to retrieve the details of each car's equipment such as painting color, 2-door, 4-door, tinted glass, sunroof, etc. we fired a VIN number as input and received the complete vehicle information as an XML output. <br /><br />This service was an important part of a cloud based service we developed and sold as part of a bigger solution to insurance companies and bodyshops. The customers used it to estimate the total repair cost of damaged cars. Frankly speaking, in order to perform an accurate estimation, one needed at least the part prices and repair steps or workload. Our company was great in this business, since they had all that data from almost all car manufacturers. I have to admit, this is a simplified explanation of a more complex piece of software.<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><b>Back to testing<br /></b>Our job was to make sure the vehicle identification service returns the correct car related data. To test that, we took our own and our friends' cars as a reference, because it was the easiest way for us to verify the data makes any sense. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">What we didn't know yet; our company wasn't the owner of all data. Depending on the manufacturer of the queried vehicle, our system either retrieved data from our own database or had to call a third party web service to request the required information. This was the case for BMW and PSA (Peugeot, Citroen, Opel, Vauxhall) just to name two examples. <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">For the end-user, this wasn't visible. All the user saw was a 17-digit VIN field with a button to trigger the search and then wait until we returned the complete vehicle information along with the equipment data.</p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><b>What does that mean for the development of test cases? </b><br /></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Knowing, that the system - in some cases - communicates with third party components to get the information, is essential when testing this service. Simply submitting one VIN to see that the service responds correctly, is not enough. <br />We needed to know what data we own, and what data is gathered through calling external services. Unfortunately, we never managed to get a comprehensive list to shed a little light on the inwards of the software. Therefore, the only weapon for us testers was to test the service using a <u>broard variety of exemplary</u> VIN numbers covering as much as different manufacturers as possible.<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">But this is just half the story. When a request was being fired, <u>our system cached</u> the generated XML response for an unspecified period of time. <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">That means, if you submit a particular BMW VIN number for the first time, followed by later calling that service again using the exact same VIN number, <u>this wouldn't trigger the same developer's code paths</u> anymore. <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Also, we should know, for how long the data is cached. Unfortunately, the owners of the product didn't reveal the secret to the testers. <i>I could now start with a new article on <u>testability</u> and rave over the necessity to have extra functions for testers to flush the cache when needed, but this goes beyond the scope of this article.</i><b><br /></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><b>What else?</b> <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Having now two different kinds of tests such as...</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">- consider different brand names when testing VIN<br />- consider submitting the same VIN a second time to test the cache</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">..we should start thinking about what happens when one of the external services is unavailable. <br />How does our system react in such scenario, especially if the response isn't cached yet? <br />How would we even know that it's the external service and not our own code that got broken?<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">One of the approaches was to add extra tests examining the external services in isolation from our implementation. <br />Yet another approach <i>- and this is what we did (because we were not given the details) -</i> was to have a set or group of different VIN numbers that belong to the same manufacturer. For example, a set of 5 BMWs, another set of 5 Peugeots, 5 Fords, etc.<br /> <br />If an external service is down, then a whole set of such test cases would fail. If instead only 1 test within a set failed, then the root cause was probably somewhere else.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b>Visualized<br /></b>The below circles demonstrate it visually. At the beginning one knows little to nothing about the system- or component-under-test (1). By questioning how things work, one detects new areas that may or may not be relevant while developing new test cases (2). Knowing and understanding these areas enlarge the awareness area of circle and result in minimizing the risk of skipping important test cases. <br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVFVrCn_pEnDq4kq_XVikpeHm6mj5GGwDYb_1p-kPW9hZuCxVgL3pNElKXWjvdQmdL6CAO5XKv4BeDFmpj0_AMEWtdMXb_xUJBsJ_2OK3KHC4CUwX6V1MFb_JaYYZTHENNZCf1dJUg-s_y/s947/awarenessCircle.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="947" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVFVrCn_pEnDq4kq_XVikpeHm6mj5GGwDYb_1p-kPW9hZuCxVgL3pNElKXWjvdQmdL6CAO5XKv4BeDFmpj0_AMEWtdMXb_xUJBsJ_2OK3KHC4CUwX6V1MFb_JaYYZTHENNZCf1dJUg-s_y/w496-h282/awarenessCircle.png" width="496" /></a></div><b>Closing rate</b> <br />Developing test cases is <u>not</u> a monotonous job. The contrary is the case, it requires asking questions, sometimes critical questions and having a good understanding what are meaningful test scenarios to cover and which can be skipped without accepting high risks. Sometimes, you need to be obtrusive when it comes to interviewing techies to get the details, especially when asking for testability hooks. <br />Although testing activities face a lot of repeating patterns of software-defects, developing appropriate test cases is a task that involves a lot of thinking. That's why I say, no test is the same, use your brain!<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><i>BTW, I forgot to add...not all external service providers allowed us to cache data, even if it was cached just for one day. That's an additional test to think about, and I am sure, I forgot to mention many more tests we actually developed at that time.</i><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> <i>Below, find a simplified flowchart of the vehicle identification service.</i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"></p><p></p><p><!--[if gte mso 10]>
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<![endif]--></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuswPHbdefGupNN6eawN9jTqt6RT37HLrcZoQM6PkDEjxyfnzElojHjxR9U0FRqyEjYEG1rXS-OwJXd-g0HubrDwv1RDUtld8wF9o-vSX8u3Vvs0sQ0Dn2XZeRny7mGIYEt48yc30hQE09/s787/vin.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="787" data-original-width="709" height="575" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuswPHbdefGupNN6eawN9jTqt6RT37HLrcZoQM6PkDEjxyfnzElojHjxR9U0FRqyEjYEG1rXS-OwJXd-g0HubrDwv1RDUtld8wF9o-vSX8u3Vvs0sQ0Dn2XZeRny7mGIYEt48yc30hQE09/w517-h575/vin.png" width="517" /></a></div><p></p><br /><p><br /></p>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-87896274573666714572020-11-22T23:37:00.001+01:002020-11-22T23:37:15.455+01:00The Template<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_cu693BHgjdOo-OEH1ZjqRy_x7IWDUm7Dz8u8nsX629EuYV5wqu1voHw3iWLgy4gLP0QPHKmF-teaz8pRc_XnAlKmWBY6DV7PKfL7nSbbX5XAfhJFIWnV05SV_QB_OlBkH5iosoESbjtN/s1578/TheTemplate-x50.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_cu693BHgjdOo-OEH1ZjqRy_x7IWDUm7Dz8u8nsX629EuYV5wqu1voHw3iWLgy4gLP0QPHKmF-teaz8pRc_XnAlKmWBY6DV7PKfL7nSbbX5XAfhJFIWnV05SV_QB_OlBkH5iosoESbjtN/s320/TheTemplate-x50.png" width="320" /></a></div>Recently in the museum.<p></p>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-35496782833877452462020-10-25T23:08:00.001+01:002020-10-25T23:08:03.794+01:00In the need of a Neuralyzer<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-YCn06VfqIEuZuVgAclpo4kACb68ejKVgWcr6G6sos-O90E-jtXJx4kXZVwHkm7ACR5OgVIcwFwjCFL5t9gtlr4ZdRPGwUwxFGyqDI1ZfxvjGwlJOxIO6XedoPYDGNKXy1f1a24ZMk1mz/s1578/theNeuralyzer-x50.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-YCn06VfqIEuZuVgAclpo4kACb68ejKVgWcr6G6sos-O90E-jtXJx4kXZVwHkm7ACR5OgVIcwFwjCFL5t9gtlr4ZdRPGwUwxFGyqDI1ZfxvjGwlJOxIO6XedoPYDGNKXy1f1a24ZMk1mz/s320/theNeuralyzer-x50.png" width="320" /></a></div>...<p></p>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-8023660256662674402020-10-10T21:54:00.006+02:002020-10-26T20:43:50.619+01:00Follow the Swarm<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCn8vQJe3a9ljFXtrI_mDRy7OU3CkdZVj_vta3npE-Z3UD2SyA9Mj8kmvYBUBRrvqmqfkhzgexSZl_Q9fpRqDm8Fj1n3mGh9wC7aA2HYmFzDNiut9Cdmz5K89AM-M_VAu28N1wxUEKvBGk/s1578/FollowTheSwarm-x50.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCn8vQJe3a9ljFXtrI_mDRy7OU3CkdZVj_vta3npE-Z3UD2SyA9Mj8kmvYBUBRrvqmqfkhzgexSZl_Q9fpRqDm8Fj1n3mGh9wC7aA2HYmFzDNiut9Cdmz5K89AM-M_VAu28N1wxUEKvBGk/s320/FollowTheSwarm-x50.png" width="320" /></a></div><p>During my holidays, I read two fantastic books about problem solving and focusing on the important stuff. "Range" by David Epstein fascinated me in that there are plenty of examples demonstrating how people without specialized knowledge in a particular area could find solutions to problems where the best experts got stuck. The book rejects the common believe one has to start and specialize early in order to really get good at something. It lists plenty of famous people in the world having demonstrated the contrary such as Roger Federer, Vincent Van Gogh, Dave Brubeck, etc. </p><p>Experimenting in your career, trying out different stuff broadens the skill to look at problems from different angles and find solutions that are much more difficult to identifiy if you can't get out of your box. It explains also the success story of Nintendo which once was a small company and not very attractive to high talented graduates. </p><p>The other book "Simplicity" by Benedikt Weibel, former CEO of Swiss Railway Corporation (SBB"), goes into a similar direction with other and less detailed examples. He analyzes how the best chess players think in terms of patterns and how to focus on the essential stuff. Less is more. Weibel encourages to make more use of checklists and he also makes a heretical remark when he says that "without a great checklist, Sullenberger had not managed to bring down the Airbus on the Hudson savely" (that's not really my opinion. I think it was a mixture of all, great experience, courage, and a little bit of luck). </p><p>Big Data is an interesting tool, but it is not solving our problems and it is not free of failure (examples in the book). I am not advertizing but simply sharing my thoughts on two great books full of valuable hints and references although I know, it will be difficult to not fall back into old habits.</p><p>Interesting related reading:<br /></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><i>The Carter Racing Case Study: https://www.academia.edu/20358932/Carter_racing_case<br /></i></li><li><i>The missing bullet: https://onebiteblog.com/finding-the-missing-bullet-holes/</i></li></ul><p></p>T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4374586430627673001.post-71298004807734677342020-10-01T00:08:00.007+02:002020-10-07T12:12:40.280+02:00Tag submarines before they shoot<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEzk8P5WfYvN-tmNPc-EZnS6eC-7XXAhi8nfYXu47QMLB1m7eelbJjQG6Kl-KoISrQMAGqyaJYpLgSCwQsKoQrN1dCFcFBvh5p-yrDoaZphDXwg0X6uFgkrhYsVmXtxQld6kpmKmMghI3s/s1578/submarines-x50.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEzk8P5WfYvN-tmNPc-EZnS6eC-7XXAhi8nfYXu47QMLB1m7eelbJjQG6Kl-KoISrQMAGqyaJYpLgSCwQsKoQrN1dCFcFBvh5p-yrDoaZphDXwg0X6uFgkrhYsVmXtxQld6kpmKmMghI3s/s320/submarines-x50.png" width="320" /></a></div><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In the
retrospective meeti</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">ng it was claimed we could probably have raised some hot issues earlier. The late
addressing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> of these items put people under pressure shortly before rolling-out.
Although it was correct that we had quite some late change requests which hurt
not only devs but also testers, most of the issues were not late discoveries
but rather late awareness of importance.</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> The tickets
were raised long time back but, because of release pressure, these were parked
aside in the backlog and assigned low priority. We called it the
“parking-place”. At that time, a restrictive process of prioritizing tickets
was needed to manage the deadlines. The limitations were accepted for a while.
But over time, things changed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What was
once rated low priority for release N, all of a sudden became more important in
the next release and at a bad timing. For many stakeholders including me, these tickets
came out of nowhere like submarines; and of course, all at same time. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">As a
lessons learnt, we - as testers - have decided to get better by regularly
reviewing parked tickets. This is to help everyone in the team to become aware earlier of potential new dangerous "submarines" intending to surfac
on the water plane soon. There would still be enough time then to tag these before
they have a chance to shoot.</span></p>
<br /><br />T.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12569445154649222464noreply@blogger.com0